查看完整版本: 美国动力伞协会对一些动力伞常见问题的回答

美国动力伞协会对一些动力伞常见问题的回答

动力伞的一些常见问题回答：
链接：[url=http://www.usppa.org/Resources/WantToFly.htm]http://www.usppa.org/Resources/WantToFly.htm[/url]

[b][i][font=MS Mincho][size=10.0pt][size=2]What is a powered paraglider? [/size][/size][/font][/i][/b]
[size=2]Paragliding is the simplest form of flight: no plane, no windows, just you floating on air. A paraglider is a foot-launched inflatable wing. It is easy to transport, easy to launch, and easy to land. The paraglider itself has no rigid structure and the pilot is suspended by lines. The pilot is clipped into a harness, which is quite comfortable. The motor is a backpack unit with propeller to give thrust allowing you to climb and fly level at your own will. [/size]
[b][i][font=MS Mincho][size=10.0pt][size=2]How long does it take to have your first flight? [/size][/size][/font][/i][/b]
[size=2]You can solo in as little as a day with ability, exceptional conditions and intense training. But you a far from ready to venture out on your own. You will need to learn to ground handle the wing and some basics, then when the weather is good you will get your first tow/flight. [/size]
[b][i][font=MS Mincho][size=10.0pt][size=2]What happens it the motor quits? [/size][/size][/font][/i][/b]
[size=2][font=MS Mincho]It's a glider, and glide it will! [/font][/size][size=2]The loss of power only limits your ability to maintain altitude. The glider flies about 6 feet forward for every foot lost (a 6 to 1 glide ratio). So you'll be dropping just over 3 mph as you glide forward at about 20 mph. With even moderate skill it can be landed in quite a small space too. A motor failure is rarely more than an inconvenience.[/size]

How long does it take to learn? (Instructor List)

Industry experts recommend 5-8 full days of training from a certified trainer. However, bad weather, training on just weekends and other facts of life could mean about about 2-3 months by calendar. Going to a full-time school where you can train intensely and continuously will let you solo and earn the PPG1 in 3 days, depending on conditions and your skill. Some schools do a 1-day solo course but that requires assistance; you're nowhere near ready to fly on your own after such an introduction.

How long can I fly on a tank of gas?

Motor-on flight time can easily exceed 2.0 hours based upon mild throttle usage. Periods of extended full-throttle will burn fuel at a faster rate or with an up down throttle. If your motor is equipped with a starter or you are strong enough to pull the starter cord you can shut your motor on and off as you please, gliding for hours on thermals.

Can I do this everyday?

Most likely not. Strong wind and turbulence restrict our sport. On average, you can expect 2-3 days per week of  flyable conditions depending on where you live. Some locations are flyable 6+ days per week.

What is this PPG rating thing?

It it is a voluntary rating system administered by the USPPA. Pilots may choose to train to receive ratings throughout their flying career that reflect the pilot skill level. The ratings are as such:

PPG1: Beginner Pilot  - Student has flown at least one solo flight. He is required to stay under direct instructor supervision and instructor radio contact.

PPG2: Novice Pilot - Student is now considered a full-fledged pilot and can fly solo at nearly 90% of our flying sites nationally. It requires basic flying skills but, just as important, knowledge that allows venturing off to fly on his own.

PPG3: Advanced Pilot - Pilot has demonstrated significant skills and logged required hours. At this point you are considered a competent pilot and can fly almost every site safely.

How high can I fly?

Nearly as high as you want. Most of the time powered paragliders are flown between 100 to 2000 feet. The legal limit imposed by the FAA is 18,000 feet.

Is Powered Paragliding safe?

It is probably the safest form of private aviation ever devised, It is safer than flying in small planes or riding motorcycles but not as safe as driving. One reason for the good safety record is that most problems will prevent the pilot from successfully taking off.

Like other adventure sports, it's as safe or dangerous as you make it. Powered Paragliding has a very good safety record amongst pilots that have been properly trained by a professional. It is of course crucial that you receive instruction from a certified professional and use safe equipment.  

Paragliding is an outdoor sport and the weather is unpredictable. A thorough understanding of the air, and the dynamics of flight makes a trained pilot much safer than an untrained pilot. The primary safety factors are personal judgment and attitude. You must be willing to learn gradually and to think with your head not with your ego. If you do not, then you can get injured or killed; if you do, then you can paraglide well into your life.   

The professionally produced USPPA DVD Risk & Reward, goes a long way to explaining where the risk is and how to avoid it. Any pilot who starts training should see it before soloing.

What do I need to Powered Paraglide?

You will need a backpack motor unit (PPG), a paraglider (wing), and a helmet.  Most pilots also fly with radios for communicating with other pilots on the ground or in the air.

How far do you have to run to get airborne?

Just a few steps will be necessary in a 5-10 breeze. However, in a calm wind condition, 10 to 50 steps may be necessary. If you motor unit has more power = less steps.

Do I need to get certified or get a license?

Paragliding is a self-regulated sport, so technically you are not required by law to be a certified pilot. Getting good training is, however, paramount to personal safety as well as avoiding blundering into restricted airspace. However, not getting proper training is a sure way to trouble.

The USA regards Motorized Paragliders, powered paragliders, or Paramotors as Ultralight Aircraft, and are subject to the rules and regulations of ultralights in FAR Part 103.

How noisy are they?

The noise level varies between different paramotors, props, mufflers, and intakes. On average they are comparable to a large lawnmower. Think about a 2x4 spinning in the air at 6000rpm and the air hitting it, and then put an engine on your back and add its noise. (We use helmets with ear pads built in.)

Do I need to have special knowledge or experience?

Yes and No.  Your instructor will cover everything you need to fly and should answer all your questions. But there is so much information that we suggest you read up on using appropriate training materials and following some of the links on this site. Make sure your instructor uses the USPPA syllabus or one that covers at least that same material.

Is this sport only for youngsters? / Do I need to be fit?

No. Paragliding is an ageless sport. It can be learned by all ages. Most importantly is a good attitude ,willingness to listen, and some casual time to spend learning. You'll need shoes with ankle support and the ability to run aggressively for at least ten or twelve strides. Your body should be able to withstand jumping down two or three feet. You need is to be able, both physically and mentally. If you haven’t had any physical activity in a while, it would be a good idea to start some walking and stretching. Your training will be the most strenuous part of your paragliding career. It’s all about technique, not strength.

How is a paraglider different from a skydiving parachute?

The biggest difference is that a paraglider is not constructed to handle a "terminal velocity deployment" like a sky diving parachute. Where the paraglider has a descent rate of about 3 feet/sec, a parachute descends at 9 to 18  feet/sec and is made much heavier materials to survive the loads of opening.  

A paraglider also has a more elongated rectangular or elliptical shape than a parachute and, with more cells, much better gliding performance. Paragliders fly more like a wing and parachutes are intended to fix a fall.

Are paragliders the same as parasails?

Most people have a tendency to confuse paragliding with parasailing. Parasails are large, very stable, round parachutes generally pulled behind a boat at the beach or lake. They are very inefficient which is why it takes a powerful boat to pull them - but they are stable which is why tourists can go up in them. Paragliders are aircraft that require pilots who are skilled at controlling them.

How do I dress?

Blue jeans and a t-shirt for the summer or warm pants and a jacket for the winter (avoid shorts in case of fall). Also gloves if you have them, sunscreen, hat and sunglasses. If it's hot you will need plenty of of liquids, so be sure to bring something to drink. The only required item is a good pair of boots. We recommend strong ankle support, like good hiking boots that lace up over the ankle. The most common injury in paragliding is probably a sprained ankle.

Can the lines of my paraglider break?

Paragliders lines are incredibly strong although failures are possible. To our knowledge, equipment failure has never resulted in a fatality outside of aerobatics or test flight. There are basic care and inspection requirements that will let the pilot know if his lines are intact. Most recommend that wings are inspected annually after they've accumulated 2 years or 100 hours.

It is recommended that you buy only wings certified by one of several worldwide organizations such as DHV, CEN, AFNOR, DULV or their predecessors. These wings have gone through certain flight and strength testing to better insure predictable behavior.

Can I take people up?

The regulation we operate under is incredibly simple; intended to limit risk to participating pilots only and not others. Only solo operations are allowed although there is an allowance for two place training which means you must be an instructor and only take up others for the purpose of training. It requires a lot of skill to do this safely since you must manage the motor, wing and another person at the same time.

What is the best way to start?

Go to the schools page and pick a USPPA certified instructor. These pilots have generally made the largest commitment in skills and time to get where they are. They also have a standardized and very thorough training syllabus to insure complete training.

It is more important to get with a good instructor then it is to choose equipment. History has shown that success doesn't depend on the type of gear as much as the choice of instructor. Even when gear is considered "advanced", if that is what the school uses then they will be most familiar with it

smile02.gif smile02.gif 全鸟语啊， 看不懂 smile01.gif

假装看不懂吧smile01.gif
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全鸟语啊， 看不懂

看个大概是可以。。。就是难以体会其微言大义啊
再说英文太多头晕得很

Quick Specs(单人背式动力伞的常见问题以及回答，材料来源：[url]http://www.usppa.org/Resources/WantToFly.htm[/url]):
Max Altitude（最大高度）

  18,000 legally, most could reach 10,000 eventually.

Speed（速度）

  20-35 mph.
Depends on wing model, size and clip-in weight.

Weight（重量）

  45-75 Lbs. Motor
  15 Lbs. Wing

Cost (New)

  $3500-6000 Motor
  $1700-3500 Wing
  $600-1500 Training

Payload

  170 - 400 Lbs. Powerful tandem units provide the highest payload.

Fuel

  1.2 - 5 US Gallons
  Auto fuel & 2-stroke oil.

Range（飞行范围）

  45-65 miles (no wind)

Endurance

  1 - 3 hrs.

Training（培训）

  1-3 Days Solo,
  5-8 Days to become certified PPG2 level.

Transport & Storage

  Small Car, Room corner

Motor

  12-25 hp Two-Stroke.
  16 hp Four Stroke
  70-165 Lbs Thrust

Propeller

  30"-51" Wood or composite. 2-4 blade. Larger props spun through reduction drives.

Launch/Land Area

  100' x 300'
       for experienced pilots,
  300' x 900'
       for new pilots

Glide Ratio

  6:1 With a motor. Wings are usually higher but the motor adds drag.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs):

  Powered paragliding (PPG) is the smallest, simplest, powered aircraft in the world; and the easiest to learn how to fly. Flying a paraglider wing ensures safety and built-in stability. While the engine provides freedom & maneuverability. Control is very simply; pull the right hand brake to turn right, the left hand brake to turn left, or pull both simultaneously just prior to touchdown to glide in for a gentle landing.

Legislation: No license is required, In the USA, but there are airspace regulations in the FAA (part 103) that apply to our type of flying. Additionally, Tandem flight requires a special exception/license.

Frequently asked questions:

How do you steer the paraglider?
Control is very easy. Simply pull the right handle to turn right, the left handle to turn left or pull both just prior to landing for a gentle landing. Squeeze the throttle for lift, or release it to glide down.  

How does the paraglider inflate?
There are two methods to inflate the wing: Forward launch - with the wing behind you during low/nil wind conditions, you must run while pulling the wing forward using speed to inflate the wing. Reverse launch- during slightly higher wind conditions, the pilot faces the wing, using the wind to inflate and lift the wing.  

How high can the paraglider fly?
The world record for a powered paraglider is 18,000 feet. Average flying altitude is between 150 to 300 feet.  

How low can the paraglider fly?
The unique aspect of a powered paraglider is that the wing is situated above the pilot. This allows you to conduct flight just inches above the ground. (This cannot be done safely with any other aircraft in the world.)  

How long can the flight last on one tank of gas?
About two to three hours. .

Do I need a license?
No, there is no license requirement for this sport in the United States. .

How long does it take to learn how to fly?
Most students can solo in a few days. The majority of training is done on the ground, learning how to control the wing. Actual flying is so simple, just about anyone can control a powered paraglider once in the air.  

Can you restart the paramotor during flight?
Yes, new engines come with very high-output ignition systems. With just a small tug on the pull starter, restarting is simple. Or even easier, are the new electric starter set-ups. This way you can turn the engine off and soar like an eagle. Then at your discretion; restart the engine and resume flight.  

How safe are these paraglider wings?
Modern paragliders are built and tested with loads up to 15X greater than those exerted during flight. The type of paraglider used with an engine is a DHV 1, considered a standard rated glider that will continue to fly without pilot input.  

Does equipment type differ for different size pilots?
Yes, the weight rating of a wing and engine thrust combination is very important. They must be properly matched to the size and weight of the pilot. Take this into consideration before buying used equipment. Talk to your instructor before purchasing equipment .  

Where can I fly the powered paraglider?
Anywhere that is not heavily populated with houses or people. They are also prohibited within 5 miles of an airport.  

Is the powered paraglider safe?
As with all air sports, it has it's inherited risk. But, since the pilot hangs from an open parachute, you are as safe as you can be in the air.  

What type of gas do you use?
The same gas you use in your car, just mixed with 2 stroke oil.  

How fast does the paraglider fly?
Speed varies with the type of wing/engine combination used, but will usually average between 18-28 mph.  

How far do you have to run to become airborne?
In light wind conditions (0 to 4 mph), you may have to run 30 to 50 feet. With slightly stronger winds (5 to 10 mph) you may only have to run less than 5 feet.  

How far can I fly?
Distance varies with wind conditions, but usually up to 40 miles is possible.  

What happens if the engine stalls?
The engine is only necessary to ascend. You may at any time, shut the motor off and glide to a safe landing. Remember you are flying with an open parachute that glides up to 8 feet forward for each foot it descends (8:1 glide ratio).  

What much do the engines weight and must I carry that weight?
Engines can vary anywhere from 45 lbs to 70 lbs. But that weight is only carried by the pilot til the wing is inflated, then the weight is suspended by the wing.

Is it possible to take a friend up with me?
No, have your friend learn to fly his/her own powered paraglider.  

Are there times and conditions when I cannot fly?
Yes, the fact that you are flying with very light equipment means you are limited to light wind conditions. Up to 10 mph winds, and preferably morning or late afternoon flying. The mid-day sky's are generally too rough to enjoy this type of flight safely. The exception to this, is flying over a beach or other body of water. Here you are able to fly all day long. Since the air over the water does not fluctuate as much as it does over land.  

How maneuverable are they?
PPG's can fly sideways, backwards, turn on it's own axis, and fly very close to the ground, endlessly. Under certain wind conditions, your take-off & landing distances can be as short as 1 foot. Very remarkable for such a compact means of flying.  

How do you transport the powered paraglider?
Most PPG's break down into very small packages and can fit in the trunk of an average car. Assembly & disassembly usually takes about 5 minutes.  

After arriving at my destination, how long will it take to set-up and launch?
Anywhere from 5 to 15 minutes. .  

By what other names are the powered paraglider known by?
PPG's, Paramotoring (common in Europe), Paraglider, Wing, Glider, Chute  

How do I get started, if  I'd like to fly a powered paraglider?
Call us for an appointment to begin your training today; before you purchase any equipment. We are BFI Certified (Basic Flight Instructor), by the ASC in the USA. Your training investment could save you your life; or at the very least, your equipment.  

What could equipment cost, both new and used?
New equipment can average around $7,500. Used equipment usually runs about 60% of the new price.  

               It is vital that you have the right Paramotor/Wing combination, tailored to suit your body weight. Safety is paramount !! Training is imperative !! When purchasing a PPG system, always ensure you will receive professional training with a qualified instructor. Remember; it is, your life !!!

powered parasport 公司给出的动力伞常见问题和答案，其中有几个问题和答案,比美国动力伞协会的问答更加详细，可供参考。
  
Top 10, Most Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Concerning Powered Paragliding ( PPG )

[url=http://www.poweredparasports.com/PPG%20Frequently%20Asked%20Questions.htm]http://www.poweredparasports.com ... ked%20Questions.htm[/url]

[[i] 本帖最后由 航模钢琴 于 2008-8-29 09:45 编辑 [/i]]

例如：
How is a powered paraglider controlled?


The short answer.

Powered paragliders are turned by pulling down on the appropriate left or right control line that leads from the vicinity of the pilot's respective shoulder to the trailing edge of the paraglider on the respective side of the wing for the desired direction of turn. Climbs are accomplished by increasing the power output of the paramotor through the use of a hand held throttle. Descents are accomplished by reducing the power output of the paramotor through the use of the hand held throttle.

The comprehensive Powered ParaSports' answer.

Flying a powered paraglider gives a tangible meaning to the expression "free as a bird." A powered paraglider offers movement in a combination of six directions of motion, and rotation around three axis, all of which are easily controlled by the pilot through the use of a throttle and two control handles. Unlike most motor vehicles increasing or decreasing the power output of the motor does not significantly affect the speed of the PPG through the air. To climb a PPG pilot increases power by squeezing the throttle. To descend a PPG pilot reduces power by relaxing pressure on the throttle. To turn left the pilot applies pressure to the left control handle and to turn right the pilot applies pressure to the right control handle. To reduce speed for landing, after gliding to within a few feet of the ground with the paramotor turned off, the PPG pilot applies pressure to both the left and the right control handles simultaneously. A powered paraglider exhibits outstanding natural stability in flight from its pendulum design. In flight if a gust of wind displaces the paraglider wing from a position directly above the pilot, the pendulum action of the powered paraglider design will act to return the pilot to a position beneath the wing from which he/she is suspended. Controlling a powered paraglider not only involves the application of controls to climb, descend, turn, and slow for landing, it also involves the application of controls to augment, and sometimes dampen, the inherent stability of the vehicle. You will learn about "active flying" and the theories behind the appropriate control inputs to enhance the safety of your flights in a comprehensive course of instruction.

On the ground the wonderful characteristic of natural stability that the pendulum effect provides an airborne powered paraglider is lost. On the ground the weight of the pilot and paramotor are not freely suspended from the paraglider and so the tendency for the pilot and paramotor to swing to a position directly under the center of the paraglider wing is lost. Controlling a paraglider wing on the ground is much more difficult than controlling it in the air because of the loss on the ground of the inherent stability provided by the pendulum effect. On the ground if the wing is laterally displaced from above the pilot, the pilot must actively take a part in regaining the desired position beneath the center of the wing. The pilot will not gently swing to that position as he/she will naturally, while flying. If the wing is to the pilot's left, the pilot must actively move to the left to get beneath the wing. The pilot can coordinate this maneuver by applying an appropriate control input to the wing to have the wing simultaneously turn back to the right toward a position above the pilot.

Flying the wing while you are on the ground before takeoff and following landing is called "ground handling" or "kiting." Ground handling is initially a complex task and involves some actions that are counter-intuitive. A solid foundation of ground handling skills is extremely important as the takeoff and landing (ground maneuvers) are the most critical portions of most flights. Your professional instructor at Powered ParaSports will insure that your practical ground handling training is preceded by a full understanding of the mechanical and aerodynamic principals involved in ground handling so that you do not simply attempt to man-handle the equipment. Technique is far more important than strength. With a good academic background you are less likely to become sensory overloaded and resort to attempting to use brute strength, as you get physically involved with controlling the powered paraglider. Plenty of practice ground handling before your first flights is important, as it will help make the necessary non-intuitive actions instinctive. Initially, as with any sport, everything happens fast and it is easy to become sensory overloaded to the point that you lose your ability to think. With ample practice you will be able to act on a basis of good habits without giving it much thought.

另外，美国blue sky airsports 也给出了一些动力伞方面的问题和答案，它的问题有些是美国动力伞协会和powered parasport 公司所没有的，可以参考：

[url]http://www.usairnet.com/cgi-bin/powered-paragliding/link.cgi?p=powered-paragliding-school&lid=2600[/url]

例如：How much does the equipment cost both new and used?  
The equipment cost new averages $6600.00. Used equipment can be purchased for about 60% of new price.

What other names are the powered paraglider called?  （动力伞还有哪些其他的名字）
Powered paragliding; paramotoring (common name in Europe) Paraglider: Wing, glider, chute